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Juni In , Morgenthau proposed the Morgenthau Plan for postwar Germany, calling for Germany to lose the heavy industry, and the Ruhr area. It took over two months for General Clay to overcome continued resistance to the new directive JCS , but on July 10, , it was finally. was superseded by the more accommodative JCS The first American Military Government Commander in Germany was. Dwight D. Eisenhower (of World.

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Milward, in —47 the average kilocalorie intake per day was only 1, an amount insufficient for jcd health. Reunification won overwhelmingly, and on January 1,it rejoined West Germany as 177 state of Saarland. You will receive separate instructions relative to the currency which you will use in the event that for any reason adequate supplies of Allied Military marks and Reichsmarks are not available, or if the use of such currency is found undesirable.

This would approximately reduce Germany to the density of the population of France.

Criminal and ordinary police will be purged of Nazi personnel and utilized under the control and supervision of the military government. Byrnes on September 6, You will take no steps designed to maintain, strengthen or operate the German financial structure except in so far as may be necessary for the purposes specified in this directive. To close banks, but only for a period long enough for you to introduce satisfactory control, to remove Nazi and other undesirable personnel, and to issue instructions for the determination of accounts to be blocked under subparagraph 48 e below.

In order to decentralize the structure and administration of the German economy to the maximum possible extent, you will. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The administration of affairs in Germany shall be directed towards the decentralization of the political and administrative structure and the development of local responsibility.

All extraordinary courts, including the Volksgerichtshof People’s Court and the Sondergerichte Special Courtsand all courts and tribunals of the Nazi Party and of its formations, affiliated associations and supervised organizations will be abolished immediately. This means completely disarming the German Army and people including the removal or destruction of all war materialthe total destruction of the whole German armament industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries which are basic to military strength.

Morgenthau Plan

Establish effective controls with respect to all foreign exchange transactions, including: You will assure the prompt effectuation of that policy in your zone and will make every effort to prevent the reconstitution of any such organization in underground, disguised or secret form. You will take proper steps to destroy the German war potential, ncs set forth elsewhere in this directive. In the absence of a conflicting policy of the Control Council, you may deal directly with one or more zone commanders on matters of special 179 to such zones.

To the extent necessary you will establish administrative machinery, not dependent upon German authorities jca agencies, to execute or assure the execution of the provisions of paragraphs 19, 20, 30, 31, 32, 39 and 40 and any other measures necessary to an accomplishment of your industrial disarmament objectives. Vladimir Petrov, an expert on the financial aspects of the occupation, wrote: Also known as the “Speech of hope” it set the tone of 17779 US policy as it repudiated the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and with its message of 17799 to a policy of economic reconstruction gave the Germans hope for the future.

To prohibit, or to prescribe regulations regarding transfer or other dealings in private or public securities or real estate or other property. Germans ale prohibited and prevented from producing, maintaining or operating all types of aircraft. At Quebec, White made sure that Lord Cherwell understood that economic aid to Britain was dependent on British approval of the plan.

The military forces immediately upon entry into the area shall destroy all plants and equipment which cannot be removed. In view of increased concerns by General Lucius D.

JCS | gooldsteins view on the topics in the world

Herbert Hoover asserted that this amount of rations was hardly more than the amount which caused thousands in the Nazi concentration camps to die from starvation. Responsibility for continuing desirable non-political social services of dissolved Party organizations may be transferred by the Control Council to appropriate central agencies and by you to appropriate local agencies.

Timber exports from the US occupation zone were particularly heavy. You will take no action that would tend to support basic living standards in Germany on a higher level than 11779 existing in any one of the neighboring United 11779 and you will take appropriate measures to ensure that basic living standards of the German people are not higher than those existing in any one of the neighboring United Nations when such measures will contribute to raising the standards of any such nation.

In November General Dwight D. You will urge upon the Control Council that uniform ration scales be applied throughout Germany, that essential items be distributed equitably among the zones, that net surpluses be made available for export to Allied countries, and that imports be limited to the net deficits of Germany as a whole.

Lord Cherwell has been described as having “an almost pathological hatred for Nazi Germany, and an almost medieval desire for revenge was a part of his character”. Following the negative public reaction to the publishing of the Morgenthau plan President Roosevelt disowned it, saying “About this pastoral, agricultural Germany, that is just nonsense.

Morgenthau Plan – Wikipedia

On the contrary, they have again and again welded together the people and the Nazis by statements published, either out of indifference or with a purpose. Churchill later said that “At first I was violently opposed to the idea. It is the policy of your government to effect a dispersion of the ownership and control of German industry.

The Morgenthau Plan, in the sense of the plan drafted by Morgenthau or the plan initialled by Roosevelt, was never implemented. Resumption of partial or complete service on the internal public debt at the earliest feasible date is deemed desirable. The Control Council should adopt procedures to effectuate, and you will facilitate in your zone, the equitable distribution of essential commodities between the zones. Allied Military marks and Reichsmark currency and coin now in 179 in Germany will be legal tender without distinction and will be interchangeable at the rate of one Allied Military mark for one Reichsmark.

For later policy relating to the occupation and Germany, the Kcs Plan was of no significance whatsoever. University of Chicago Press.

No extension of credit to Germany or Germans by any foreign person or Government shall be permitted except that the Control Council may in special emergencies grant permission jcz such extensions of credit.

The German authorities may be required to make available Reichsmark currency or credits free of cost and in amounts sufficient to meet all the expenses of the forces of occupation, including the cost of Allied Military Government and including to ncs extent that compensation is made therefor, the cost of such private property as may be requisitioned, seized, or otherwise acquired, by Allied authorities for reparations or restitution purposes.

The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization is a theory of music and the of laws that act as guidelines for composition, improvisation and analysis. 2)I notice they are all started on a* Chord Tone like the b7 of a Dominant The Lydian Chromatic Pentatonic Concept- now that’s a really catchy Title. .. by Ramon Ricker in his book Pentatonic Scales for Jazz Improvisations in . George Russell’s Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization. The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization (LCCOTO) resonates s — from modal improvisation to electronics, African polyrhythms to free form.

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I think you need a good knowledge of Western musical theory to make the most of this; but if you do, this could change your musical mind quite substantially. If you go down a fifth you get xoncept perfect 4th. Keith Veilleux marked it as to-read Nov 26, The Art and Science of Tonal Gravity. Oct 17, Joe Chiari rated it it was amazing. It has existed in a state of continual evolution since the early s.

Lydian Chromatic Concept Of Tonal Organization For Improvisation by George Russell

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George Russell’s Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization

Jim rated it it was amazing May 22, Tough and great looking. The unified core of ideas at the root of the Concept has the potential to transport music into a realm of deeper meaning. As you absorb this knowledge and become more intimate with its fundamental principles, such as the actuality of a passive “do” which yields to everything in scale that is higher that itself Chapter IIyou can begin to unearth a vision of your innate “response-abilities” within your musical discipline.

I’d like to read this book on Kindle Don’t have a Kindle? For anyone interested in discovering more about “the Concept,” there is a forum online at www. Wikimedia Italia added it Dec 31, There are 3 states of tonal gravity: Since the interval of a fifth is the building block of tonal gravity, a seven-tone scale created by successive fifths establishes the most vertically unified harmonic order whereby the gravity falls down each fifth back to the singular Lydian tonic.

He was an editorial assistant to Maestro Russell from until Russell’s death in Withoutabox Submit to Film Festivals. The Concept does not disprove the discoveries and contributions of other musical theories, but rather explains where their truths rest in the context of tonal gravity. Natsuyo is currently reading it Aug 19, What is the primary difference between the Lydian Chromatic Concept and all other theories of music?

Similarly, the primary revelation this book that the Lydian scale is the most natural and fully resolved scale is equally bull.

It should be noted that the current book presents these specific subjects far more extensively than in previous editions. Who can most benefit by studying the Lydian Chromatic Concept? It should be noted that the current book presents these specific subjects far more extensively than in previous editions.

He has given seminars in this work around the world and has personally guided countless private students. The upward perfect fifth thing seems incredibly arbitrary.

Russell focuses on the Lydian mode because it can be built with fifths. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. These ideas are critical to understanding the significance of this theory, and are too involved and elaborate to post on this website. Amazon Renewed Refurbished products with a warranty. This focal point can help you decipher between the superficial, mechanical associations you may be accustomed to making in your compositions or improvisations and the quality of consciousness that allows many levels of subtlety to come into play.

Lydian Chromatic Concept Of Tonal Organization For Improvisation

Since the interval of a fifth is the building block of tonal gravity, a seven-tone scale created by successive fifths establishes the most vertically unified harmonic order whereby the gravity falls down each fifth back to the singular Lydian tonic. I want to come back because everywhere you’ll want to be, George Russell’s music will be heard. Come out at the end of the reading journey importantly, application with a new framewo The good: Tom Carter rated it liked it Sep 24, Erik marked it as to-read Jun 06, One reflective illustration of how the self-organized unity of tonal gravity within the twelve-tone Lydian Chromatic Scale resonates in nature.

Maybe that should also be included in your scale? I do not claim to understand everything Russell says, but the most useful single thing I got from that book was the succinctly stated idea above. For modern soloists, vertical thinking is the most direct method. What is Tonal Gravity?

Read more about that HERE. Want to Read saving….

Sizemattersbrooklyn added it May 11, lydin The Art and Science of Tonal Gravity. Vertical, Horizontal, and Supra-Vertical. The immediate thing I noticed was that this is a text book one would find at the master degree or the PhD level if studied at the University level, like jazz physics.

Shevliaskovic marked it as to-read Feb 20, These past 6 months have been both enlightening and enriching. Ted touches on this briefly on the chapter on learning the Overtone scale.

Most students of The Concept tend to be composers, improvisers, and people interested in the analysis of already existing musical compositions. If someone takes offense to that, so be organizagion.